{"id":320,"date":"2013-06-28T19:15:17","date_gmt":"2013-06-28T11:15:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/?p=320"},"modified":"2013-06-30T00:05:42","modified_gmt":"2013-06-29T16:05:42","slug":"%e9%bb%84%e5%9b%bd%e7%9b%8a%ef%bc%9a%e9%92%9f%e6%95%ac%e6%96%87%e7%9a%84%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e5%88%86%e5%b1%82%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/?p=320","title":{"rendered":"\u9ec4\u56fd\u76ca\uff1a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3000\u3000\u6458\u8981]\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5206\u5c42\uff0c\u4e2d\u5916\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e24\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4e0a\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u3002\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5728\u957f\u671f\u63a2\u7d22\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8109\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u300180\u5e74\u4ee3\u53ca1997\u5e74\u5148\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u4e2d\u897f\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u5c31\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u5916\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u5212\u5206;\u4e8c\u3001\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7406\u8bba;\u4e09\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u8bc4\u8ff0\u53ca\u7b14\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u52a0\u4ee5\u68b3\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[\u5173\u952e\u8bcd]\u3000\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316;\u6587\u5316\u4e09\u5c42\u6b21\u8bf4;\u5927\u4f20\u7edf;\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf;\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316(\u5e02\u6c11\u6587\u5316);\u4f20\u627f\u6587\u5316<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[\u4e2d\u56fe\u5206\u7c7b\u53f7]\u3000G02 \u3000\u3000[\u6587\u732e\u6807\u8bc6\u7801]\u3000A\u3000\u3000[\u6587\u7ae0\u7f16\u53f7]\u30001008-72(2005)03-0105-04<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u5916\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u5212\u5206<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5206\u5c42\uff0c\u4e2d\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e24\u5206\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4e0a\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u674e\u4ea6\u56ed\u5148\u751f\u57281993\u5e74\u53d7\u5230\u675c\u7ef4\u660e\u5148\u751f\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8c61\u5f81\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e09\u79cd\u5b9e\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u8bf4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u4e24\u5c42\u6b21\u8bf4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u58eb\u7ec5\u6587\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u201d\u3002\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u82ae\u6590\u5fb7(Robert Redfield)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf\u201d(great tradition and little tradition)\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u610f\u6307\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u58eb\u7ec5\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b49\u6df1\u601d\u53cd\u7701\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u6587\u5316(refined culture);\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u5219\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e61\u6c11\u6216\u4fd7\u6c11\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6587\u5316\u3002\u674e\u4ea6\u56ed\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u662f\u4e92\u52a8\u4e92\u8865\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u6587\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf\u5374\u63d0\u4f9b\u771f\u5b9e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7d20\u6750\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u6784\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u58eb\u7ec5\u6587\u5316\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\uff0c\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u54f2\u7406\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5173\u7167\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f26\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u9762;\u800c\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u5219\u4e0d\u5584\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0e\u54f2\u7406\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u4ee5\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6240\u9700\u4e3a\u8303\u7574\u800c\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u800c\u529f\u5229\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u800c\u8d28\u6734\u7684\u201d\u3002(\u674e\u4ea6\u56ed\uff0c1996\uff1a143-145)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u58eb\u7ec5\u6587\u5316\u6216\u79f0\u7cbe\u82f1\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u82ae\u6590\u5fb7\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u201d;\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u6216\u5e95\u5c42\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u82ae\u6590\u5fb7\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u82e5\u4ece\u675c\u7ef4\u660e\u4e0e\u674e\u4ea6\u56ed\u5148\u751f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u675c\u7ef4\u660e\u5219\u7740\u91cd\u5728\u7cbe\u82f1\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2;\u674e\u4ea6\u56ed\u5148\u751f\u5219\u4fa7\u91cd\u5728\u4ece\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u53bb\u63a2\u8ba8\u201c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u610f\u6db5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5927\u9646\u5b66\u8005\u9648\u5efa\u5baa\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u662f\u57fa\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u968f\u7740\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5e02\u6c11\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u3002\u6587\u5316\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u6210\u679c\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u6587\u5316\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u201d(\u9648\u5efa\u5baa\uff0c1992\uff1a1)\u53ef\u89c1\u9648\u5efa\u5baa\u6240\u6307\u6587\u5316\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u610f\u6307\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8574\u85cf\u7740\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u30021998\u5e7410\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u738b\u5143\u5316\u5148\u751f\u5728\u300a\u6587\u6c47\u8bfb\u4e66\u5468\u62a5\u300b\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5a92\u4ecb\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u4e24\u5c42\u6b21\u8bf4\u7684\u610f\u5411\u548c\u51b2\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u738b\u5143\u5316\u5374\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5a92\u4ecb\u201d\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u4f20\u5230\u6c11\u95f4\u53bb\u7684\u201d\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u201d\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u738b\u5148\u751f\u5219\u8bed\u7109\u4e0d\u8be6\u3002\u2460<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u96c5\u4e0e\u4fd7\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u4ea6\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u9c81\u8fc5\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u827a\u7684\u5212\u5206\u548c\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6587\u827a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u201c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6587\u827a\u201d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6587\u827a\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u6587\u827a\u201d\u3002\u6f58\u5b9a\u667a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u548c\u4e09\u5206\u6cd5\u90fd\u5404\u6709\u5176\u5ba2\u89c2\u4f9d\u636e\u548c\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u6587\u5316\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u201d(\u6f58\u5b9a\u667a\uff0c1999\uff1a8)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2d\u5916\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8be0\u91ca\u4e0e\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u52a0\u4ee5\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u4e0e\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6700\u8d34\u8fd1\u4eba\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4f5c\u606f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f20\u627f\u5ef6\u7eed\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6c11\u4fd7\u91cc\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u9c7c\u513f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6c34\u91cc\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u4fd7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201d(\u949f\u656c\u6587\uff0c2001\uff1a235)\u3000\u4ece\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u6c11\u4fd7\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u3001\u5730\u57df\u6027\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u6027\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u5206\u91ce\u3002\u5c24\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5b55\u80b2\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u3002\u8427\u653e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u6b64\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u6709\u201c\u591a\u5143\u6027\u4e0e\u590d\u5408\u6027\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u6027\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u3001\u795e\u79d8\u6027\u4e0e\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u53d8\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u5728\u6c11\u95f4\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u201d(\u8427\u653e\uff0c2003\uff1a24-33)\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u8427\u653e\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u4f1a\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u8a79\u59c6\u68ee(Raymond D.Jameson)\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4e50\u56ed\u201d\uff0c\u2461\u4f46\u8a79\u59c6\u68ee\u662f\u4ee5\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u7684\u3002\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\u201d\u3002(\u949f\u656c\u6587\uff0c1999\uff1a33)\u4ece\u8427\u653e\u53ca\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u7470\u4e3d\u4e30\u9976\u662f\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5916\u4eba\u6240\u79f0\u7fa1\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u6295\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u4e0a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u4eba\u4e0e\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u3000\u30001997\u5e746\u6708\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5728\u300a\u81f4\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u796d\u4eea\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u4e0e\u620f\u5267\u53ca\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u8d3a\u4fe1\u300b\u4e2d\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u6587\u5316\u4e09\u5c42\u6b21\u8bf4\u3002(\u949f\u656c\u6587\uff0c1998)\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e09\u5c42\u6b21\u8bf4\u610f\u6307\u4e0a\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u3002\u800c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e76\u975e\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u7275\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u201c\u4f60\u6ce5\u4e2d\u6709\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u6ce5\u4e2d\u6709\u4f60\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e09\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u2018\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5927\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u2019\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u867d\u5404\u5177\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u2018\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u6e17\u900f\u3002\u2019\u6587\u5316\u4e09\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5f62\u6001\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u2018\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fd8\u5b58\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u9057\u8ff9\u3002\u2019\u201d(\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\uff0c2002)\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u53ef\u77e5\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u6307\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u624d\u6709\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ecd\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\u4e3a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e09\u5c42\u6b21\u8bf4\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4f50\u8bc1\u3002\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u987e\u708e\u6b66\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u300a\u65e5\u77e5\u5f55\u300b\u5377\u5341\u4e09\u300a\u5ec9\u803b\u300b\u4e2d\u8f6c\u5f15\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u7f57\u4ece\u5f66\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u8bba\u8ff0\u671d\u5ef7\u6559\u5316\u3001\u58eb\u4eba\u64cd\u5b88\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5373\u201c\u6559\u5316\u8005\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u4e4b\u5148\u52a1;\u5ec9\u803b\u8005\uff0c\u58eb\u4eba\u4e4b\u7f8e\u8282;\u98ce\u4fd7\u8005\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5927\u4e8b\u3002\u671d\u5ef7\u6709\u6559\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u58eb\u4eba\u6709\u5ec9\u803b;\u58eb\u4eba\u6709\u5ec9\u803b\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u4e0b\u6709\u98ce\u4fd7\u201d\u3002\u7f57\u4ece\u5f66\u548c\u987e\u708e\u6b66\u662f\u4ece\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u7cbe\u82f1\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u628a\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u51b3\u7b56\u5c42\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u6587\u5316(\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316)\u3001\u8868\u7387\u5c42\u7684\u58eb\u4eba\u6587\u5316(\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316)\u548c\u88ab\u6559\u5316\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316(\u5373\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316)\u3002(\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\uff0c2002)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5c31\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u7f57\u4ece\u5f66\u548c\u987e\u708e\u6b66\u662f\u5c06\u7edf\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u3001\u58eb\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u5355\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4e09\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5e76\u65e0\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u5e76\u672a\u660e\u786e\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u5b8b\u5143\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u660e\u6e05\u6240\u5904\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u524d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u949f\u656c\u6587\u53c8\u4e3a\u4e09\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u8bf4\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0b\u9650\uff0c\u5373\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u3002\u201d(\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\uff0c2002)\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u6b64\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u8bf4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u5907\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u3002\u6b64\u756a\u89c1\u89e3\u662f\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5728\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u7ed9\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u4e0a\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7eb5\u4f7f\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u518d\u505a\u51fa\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u754c\u5b9a\u51fa\u4e0e\u2018\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u2019\u548c\u2018\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf\u2019\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u2018\u4e2d\u5c42\u4f20\u7edf\u2019(\u4e2d\u4ecb\u6027\u7684\u4f20\u7edf)\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u547d\u9898\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u539f\u521b\u6027\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u6709\u501f\u9274\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u201d(\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\uff0c2002)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u4e0b\u4e09\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5316\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u201d\uff0c(\u6797\u7965\uff0c1999\uff1a167)\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u5b66\u8bf4\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fd0\u7528\u4e0e\u53d1\u626c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u81ea\u89c9\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u5168\u9762\u4e0e\u6df1\u5165\u3002\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5e76\u4e3e\u51fa\u9c81\u8fc5\u5728\u8bba\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u89c6\u89d2\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u620f\u8c11\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u79cd\u65f6\u9ae6\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u6240\u5faa\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4ece\u5993\u9662\u5230\u7687\u5bab\u518d\u5230\u4e61\u95f4\u201d\uff0c(\u6797\u7965\uff0c1999\uff1a167)\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e09\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u5982\u6b64\u7280\u5229\u3001\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u5982\u9c81\u8fc5\u5148\u751f\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001992\u5e74\u6768\u5fd7\u6770\u5728\u300a\u56fd\u98ce\u7684\u6b4c\u541f\u8dcb\u6d89\u7684\u957f\u5377\u2014\u2014\u8d3a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5148\u751f\u4ece\u4e8b\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e03\u5341\u5468\u5e74\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6784\u6210\u6709\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa20\uff5e60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5df2\u5148\u540e\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u6545\u4e8b\u5b66\u3001\u6b4c\u8c23\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u8bdd\u5b66\u3001\u4e2d\u897f\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u652f\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u5ed3\u6e05\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u7586\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3002\u81ea30\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u8d77\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u62d3\u5bbd\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u91ce\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u5c24\u5176\u572890\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8d77\u4f8b\u53d1\u51e1\uff0c\u662f\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u56fd\u60c5\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u65ad\u7194\u94f8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002(\u6768\u5fd7\u6770\uff0c1992\uff1a3-4)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e0e\u501f\u9274\u3002\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b66\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5b66\u8bf4\u7b49\u6982\u62ec\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u8005\u4ee5\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u5415\u5fae\u5148\u751f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u5ba1\u89c6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4e2d\u897f\u5b66\u8005\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u671d\u5411\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u6b64\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5415\u5fae\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5c42\u6b21\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u5b66\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u5c42\u6b21\u2019\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8fdb\u5165\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8def\u5f84;\u2018\u7c7b\u578b\u2019\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4ece\u6587\u5b66\u672c\u4f53\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u4e0e\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6e10\u6e10\u7a81\u663e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u5c06\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u8bba\u5411\u7c7b\u578b\u8bba\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5415\u5fae\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u6709\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u533a\u9694\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u624d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5206\u522b;\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u9664\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4ea6\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u91cc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e13\u4e1a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e88\u4ee5\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u4fee\u9970;\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u6240\u559c\u7231\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5415\u5fae\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u3001\u4f20\u627f\u6027\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u6027\u548c\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u4e3a\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u65e0\u4e00\u4e0d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6587\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e43\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5c42\u6b21\u53ca\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u522b\u3002\u201d(\u7941\u8fde\u4f11\uff0c1999\uff1a13)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5218\u94c1\u6881\u8be0\u91ca\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u4eba\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u800c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6c11\u4f17\u4e00\u822c\u591a\u4e0d\u592a\u91cd\u89c6\u6587\u5b57\u4e0a\u7684\u96d5\u7422\u4e0e\u7f8e\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u5e94\u5f3a\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u5316\u5927\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5174\u8d77\u4e00\u80a1\u201c\u6587\u5316\u70ed\u201d\u98ce\u6f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6c11\u4fd7\u5e94\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c6\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u591a\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8003\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5728\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u6df1\u611f\u8d5e\u540c\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u548c\u674e\u4ea6\u56ed\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0a\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u672c\u571f\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5;\u674e\u4ea6\u56ed\u5219\u8fd0\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u4e24\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u949f\u656c\u6587\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u9636\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u8bf4\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e0e\u6865\u6881\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u51af\u68a6\u9f99\u3001\u51cc\u8499\u521d\u7b49\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316(\u5e02\u6c11\u6587\u5316)\u5373\u5177\u6709\u8f6c\u6362\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u949f\u656c\u6587\u540e\u6765\u672a\u80fd\u5c31\u4e2d\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u52a0\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u521b\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u8109\u7edc\u4e0b\uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u5c55\u73b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ee3\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[1]\u674e\u4ea6\u56ed\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89c6\u91ce[M].\u4e0a\u6d77\u6587\u827a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1996.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[2]\u9648\u5efa\u5baa\u3002\u8bba\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb[J].\u6c11\u4fd7\u7814\u7a76\uff0c1992\uff0c(3)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[3]\u6f58\u5b9a\u667a\u3002\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u96c5\u4fd7\u4e4b\u8fa8[J].\u8d35\u5dde\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c1999\uff0c(3)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[4]\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8457\u3002\u5df4\u83ab\u66f2\u5e03\u5aeb\uff0c\u5eb7\u4e3d\u7f16\u3002\u8c23\u4fd7\u8821\u6d4b[M].\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u6587\u827a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[5]\u8427\u653e\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u8bba[J].\u5b9d\u9e21\u6587\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5(\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248)\uff0c2003\uff0c(2)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[6]\u949f\u656c\u6587\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6d3e[M].\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[7]\u949f\u656c\u6587\u3002\u8bdd\u8bf4\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316[M].\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1990.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[8]\u949f\u656c\u6587\u3002\u81f4\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u796d\u4eea\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u4e0e\u620f\u5267\u53ca\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u8d3a\u4fe1[J].\u968f\u7b14\uff0c1998\uff0c(1)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[9]\u9648\u66fc\u5a1c\u3002\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5c42\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76[N].\u5149\u660e\u65e5\u62a5\uff0c2002\u201404\u201409\uff0c(4)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[10]\u6797\u7965\u4e3b\u7f16\u3002\u4e16\u7eaa\u8001\u4eba\u7684\u8bdd\u00b7\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5377[M].\u6c88\u9633\uff1a\u8fbd\u5b81\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[11]\u9676\u7acb\u74a0\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u65b0\u8bfe\u9898[A].\u4e0a\u6d77\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u5bb6\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f1a\u7f16\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u2014\u2014\u6c11\u95f4\u793c\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76[C].\u5b66\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[12]\u6768\u5fd7\u6770\u3002\u56fd\u98ce\u7684\u6b4c\u541f\u3000\u8dcb\u6d89\u7684\u957f\u5377\u2014\u2014\u8d3a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5148\u751f\u4ece\u4e8b\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e03\u5341\u5468\u5e74[J].\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u8bba\u575b\uff0c1992\uff0c(4)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[13]\u7941\u8fde\u4f11\u8457\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u00b7\u5bfc\u8a00[M].\u77f3\u5bb6\u5e84\uff1a\u6cb3\u5317\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000(\u672c\u6587\u539f\u520a\u4e8e\u300a\u6c11\u95f4\u6587 \u5316\u8bba\u575b\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7eb8\u5a92\u539f\u520a)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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