{"id":69,"date":"2013-06-28T08:57:02","date_gmt":"2013-06-28T00:57:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/?p=69"},"modified":"2013-06-30T07:00:14","modified_gmt":"2013-06-29T23:00:14","slug":"%e6%96%bd%e7%88%b1%e4%b8%9c%e9%92%9f%e6%95%ac%e6%96%87%e6%b0%91%e4%bf%97%e5%ad%a6%e5%ad%a6%e7%a7%91%e6%9e%84%e6%83%b3%e8%bf%b0%e8%af%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/?p=69","title":{"rendered":"[\u65bd\u7231\u4e1c]\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u6784\u60f3\u8ff0\u8bc4"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5148\u751f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u501f\u7528\u6258\u9a6c\u65af?\u5e93\u6069\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8003\u5bdf\u949f\u656c\u6587\u57281979\u5e74\u91cd\u957f\u5b66\u575b\u4e4b\u540e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u6784\u60f3\u5728\u6307\u5bfc\u4eca\u5929\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/address>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u3000\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3000\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3000\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u6784<\/span><\/address>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u201c\u8c08\u8d77\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u63d0\u5230\u949f\u656c\u6587\uff0c\u8bf4\u5230\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u60f3\u8d77\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u548c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u5b6a\u751f\u5144\u5f1f\u3002\u201d[1]\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u8bf420\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u987e\u9889\u521a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u5c24\u5176\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u540e20\u5e74\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e43\u81f3\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u5b66\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u603b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u3002\u4ee5\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u517b(\u57f9\u8bad)\u57fa\u5730\u4e3a\u4f9d\u6258\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4ee5\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4e3a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f62\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u683c\u5c40\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u683c\u5c40\u4e0b\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u6784\u60f3\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u7b56\u7565\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u5c40\u9650\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u65871979\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u6784\u60f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u6784\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4f53\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u60f3\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u57fa\u672c\u5df2\u6536\u5165\u300a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6587\u96c6\u00b7\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5377\u300b\uff0c[2]\u4ee5\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u5e74\u6708\u4e3a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u300a\u5efa\u7acb\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u4e66\u300b(1979)\u3001\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u300b(1980)\u3001\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u300b(1982)\u3001\u300a<\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5165\u95e8>\u5e8f\u300b(1983)\u3001\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u300b(1983)\u3001\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u300b(1986)\u3001\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u300b(1986)\u3001\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5b66\u4e60\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b(1987)\u3001\u300a\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u65f6\u671f\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u300b(1989)\u3001\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u53d1\u51e1\u300b(1991)\u3001\u300a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6d3e\u300b(1999)\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u6536\u5165\u5404\u7c7b\u6587\u96c6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6587\u5b57\u7565\u6709\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u300a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6587\u96c6\u00b7\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5377\u300b\u4e3a\u636e\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5f15\u6587\u53ea\u6ce8\u8be5\u4e66\u6807\u6ce8\u5e74\u4efd[3]\u53ca\u6240\u5728\u8be5\u4e66\u9875\u7801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff1a\u6c42\u53d6\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u300020\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u7ecf\u5386\u7740\u5b66\u79d1\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9a\u4f4d\u603b\u662f\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u6447\u6446\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6709\u7740\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u662f\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5374\u8981\u6c42\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u73b0\u884c\u6c11\u4fd7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u89e3\u9898\u65b9\u5f0f\u5747\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8303\u5f0f\u6709\u7740\u5b66\u79d1\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\u6027(incommensurability)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u987e\u9889\u521a\u773c\u4e2d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3002\u987e\u9889\u521a\u4e00\u76f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u987e\u9889\u521a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u7814\u7a76\u4ece\u300a\u6b4c\u8c23\u300b\u5468\u520a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u201c\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u201d\u5411\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u300b\u5468\u520a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u4f17\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6768\u6210\u5fd7\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u300b\u5b63\u520a\u53c8\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5411\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u30021949\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6210\u4e86\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u6f5c\u4f0f\u5728\u201c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u201d\u540d\u4e0b\u82df\u5ef6\u6b8b\u5598\uff0c\u51e0\u4e8e\u706d\u9876\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5904\u4e8e\u7531\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u5411\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u79d1\u201d\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u539f\u672c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u53f2\u5b66\u7b49\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u53c8\u6ca1\u80fd\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u6743\u4e14\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5f98\u5f8a\u4e8e\u73b0\u8c61\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u4f53\u8bba\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u672c\u8d28\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e24\u96be\u5883\u5730\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u300020\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u6447\u6446\u6027\uff0c\u4ee51949\u5e74\u4e3a\u754c\uff0c\u524d\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5b66\u79d1\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u53d7\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u3001\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u66fe\u7ecf\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u8eab\u7acb\u547d\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002\u4f46\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\u8d28\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u5b66\u79d1\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u4e9b\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001978\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u201d(P679)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001980\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5360\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5982\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u8ddf\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u201d(P151)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001982\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u201d(P82)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001983\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66(\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66)\u3002\u201d(P476)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001986\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6c11\u95f4\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u201d(P3)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001987\uff1a\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u81ea\u7136\u5e94\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u800c\u6c11\u4fd7\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u79d1\u5b66\u4ea6\u5e94\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66(\u6216\u79f0\u6587\u5316\u79d1\u5b66)\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u90fd\u662f\u2018\u5386\u53f2\u79d1\u5b66\u2019\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u5207\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u7269\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6c11\u4fd7\u73b0\u8c61\u4ea6\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6545\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u79d1\u5b66\u4e5f\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5386\u53f2\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u201d(P51)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001989\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u6587\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u201d(P624)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001991\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u548c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u6574\u7406\u3001\u63a2\u7a76\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u95e8\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u2026\u2026\u201d(P572)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u79d1\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u5bf9\u65e2\u6709\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1\u6784\u9020\u7684\u3001\u5916\u5728\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u3002\u201c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u56e0\u88ad\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53bb\u6807\u8bb0\u4ed6\u4eec\u906d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u3002\u201d[4]\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u7c7b\u5374\u53c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u56e0\u88ad\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u522b\u8fa9\u89e3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u5b9a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u65e0\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u5f53\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5728\u65e2\u5b9a\u5b66\u79d1\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5c1a\u4e14\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u6258\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u8981\u6c42\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7acb\u8db3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u754c\u9650\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u754c\u9650\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u96c6\u56e2\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6743\u5a01\u3001\u667a\u529b\u9738\u6743\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u6784\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u754c\u9650\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u201d[5]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u57281979\u81f31987\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u6709\u5173\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6309\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u547c\u5401\u7c7b\u3001\u53f7\u53ec\u7c7b\u3001\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u603b\u662f\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8f9f\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u8bf4\u660e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001980\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u4e24\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u52a0\u5f3a\u548c\u52a0\u6df1\u5e7f\u5927\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u552f\u7269\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u53ca\u4eba\u6c11\u521b\u9020\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u2026\u2026\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eca\u5929\u5e7f\u5927\u4eba\u6c11\u660e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u95f4\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u53d8\u8fc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u53bb\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5bf9\u5f85\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ddf\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u5207\u8eab\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e8b\u8c61\uff0c\u52a0\u8fdb\u548c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u786e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e8b\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u5b83\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u671f\u671b\u53bb\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u201d(P161-163)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001982\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u5e7f\u5927\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u51b3\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u679c\u5c06\u6709\u88e8\u76ca\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u575b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5c3d\u529b\u4ee5\u8d74\u7684\u2018\u56db\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u2019\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u3002\u201d(P85)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001983\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u667a\u529b\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5411\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bb0\u8ff0\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bf4\u660e\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u4e3a\u804c\u5fd7\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff0c\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9053\u7406\u5417?\u201d(P476)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u672f\u683c\u5c40\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u65f6\u5c40\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fce\u5408\uff0c\u653e\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u767e\u5e9f\u5f85\u5174\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u767d\u5730\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u7126\u8651\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u826f\u82e6\u7528\u5fc3\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u6e29\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5455\u5fc3\u6ca5\u8840\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u5b66\u672f\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u6167\u8001\u4eba\u4e3a\u6c42\u53d6\u5b66\u79d1\u751f\u5b58\u6743\u529b\u800c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u8425\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u4ece\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5355\u7eaf\u5730\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5f8b\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f97\u5931\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fb9\u7f18\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\u8d28\u5728\u73b0\u884c\u5b66\u79d1\u5206\u7c7b\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u5f97\u5230\u5065\u5eb7\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002\u201c\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u65e2\u662f\u6b64\u53c8\u662f\u5f7c\u201d\u7684\u5f52\u7c7b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u8303\u5f0f\u4e2d\u65e0\u6240\u9002\u4ece\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u5f97\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5757\u5730\uff0c\u6c34\u91cf\u4ecb\u4e8e\u6c34\u5858\u4e0e\u6c34\u7530\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u79cd\u4e0d\u4e86\u7a3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u517b\u4e0d\u4e86\u9c7c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u663e\u7136\u5f88\u6e05\u9192\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u9010\u6b65\u5f97\u4ee5\u786e\u7acb\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5f00\u59cb\u629b\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u6267\u7740\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u79cd\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u5916\u90e8\u8981\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5185\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u53d1\u51e1\u300b(1991)\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8c08\u8bba\u2018\u6587\u5316\u2019\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u2018\u6c11\u4fd7\u2019\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u800c\u8c08\u8bba\u6c11\u4fd7\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u5f88\u5c11\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u53bb\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u540d\u6b63\u8a00\u987a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5360\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u628a\u6c11\u4fd7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u53bb\u770b\u5f85\u3001\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u624d\u7b26\u5408\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5b9e\u9645;\u4e5f\u624d\u80fd\u5f3a\u5316\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u95e8\u65b0\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u201d(P11-12)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u300a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6d3e\u300b(1999)\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u628a\u5efa\u7acb\u8be5\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u2460\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u2461\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u2462\u907f\u514d\u5b66\u672f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u79bb\u6b63\u8f68\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u201d(P357-374)\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u7b26\u5408\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6210\u4e86\u5b66\u79d1\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u5728\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u4e0e\u5426\u3002\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u671f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u201c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u6216\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u7ed9\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u8bf41980\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u949f\u656c\u6587\u662f\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u6df1\u5207\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5de7\u5999\u5229\u7528\u800c\u6c42\u5f97\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7acb\u8db3\u4e4b\u5730\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6240\u8981\u629b\u5f03\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u524a\u8db3\u9002\u5c65\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u65e0\u9700\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u610f\u4f1a\u77e5\u8bc6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u65b0\u65e7\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u66f4\u8fed\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f15\u8fdb\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5148\u540e\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ffb\u65b0\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5b66\u754c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u8fc7\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u201c\u50cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5355\u7eaf\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u3001\u5404\u6d3e\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u5b83\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u628a\u8303\u56f4\u5212\u5f97\u72ed\u7a84\u4e9b\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5219\u5212\u5f97\u5bbd\u6cdb\u4e9b\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5bf9\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u754c\u9650\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b66\u8005\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u9650\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u5374\u4e0d\u5c40\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u754c\u9650\u3002\u201d(1980\uff0cP154-155)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u5ed3\u7406\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u53c2\u8003\u56fd\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u300b(1980)\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1a\u2460\u8fc7\u53bb\u82f1\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u73ed\u5973\u58eb\u5728\u5979\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u624b\u518c\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u628a\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a;\u60ef\u4e60;\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u6b4c\u8c23\u4e0e\u6210\u8bed\u3002\u2461\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5c71\u72c4\u592b\uff0c\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u6d3b;\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b;\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u2462\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u970d\u592b\u66fc-\u514b\u83b1\u5c14\u628a\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u7c7b\u3002\u2463\u65e5\u672c\u67f3\u7530\u56fd\u7537\u628a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u65c5\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u3001\u5bd3\u5c45\u8005\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u3001\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u8005\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u754c\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u949f\u656c\u6587\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eca\u540e\u6211\u56fd\u8fd9\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u4e8e\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u5546\u8ba2\u3002\u201d(1980\uff0cP157)\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fa\u57ab\uff0c\u5f15\u800c\u5f85\u53d1\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u5176\u5b9e\u65e9\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5b66\u4e60\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b(1987)\u4e2d\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001\uff0c\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u4ee5\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5b66\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8303\u56f4\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a(\u5982\u6b4c\u8c23\u3001\u8c1a\u8bed\u3001\u795e\u8bdd\u3001\u4f20\u8bf4\u7b49)\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u6c11\u95f4\u65e7\u4e60\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30002,1934\u5e74\u6211\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u540e\uff0c\u770b\u5f85\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5bf9\u8c61\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u6269\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e0d\u5e94\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u628a\u6c11\u4f17\u6240\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30003\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5316\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8303\u56f4\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u3001\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u3001\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u3002[6]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b2c3\u70b9\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5929\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u30021980\u52301987\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001982\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u6c11\u4fd7\u7684\u73b0\u884c\u4e3b\u4f53\u548c\u5171\u65f6\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e8b\u8c61\u8303\u56f4\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a2a\u5411\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5212\u5b9a\u5728\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u5e7f\u5927\u4eba\u6c11(\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11)\u6240\u521b\u9020\u3001\u4eab\u7528\u548c\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7586\u57df\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\uff1a\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u6d3b(\u8863\u3001\u98df\u3001\u4f4f\u3001\u884c\u7b49)\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7(\u5982\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u6751\u843d\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u7ed3\u793e)\u3001\u5c81\u65f6\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u4eba\u751f\u4eea\u793c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\u5728\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6280\u672f\u3001\u6587\u827a\u7b49\u3002\u201d(P82)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9488\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u53e4\u4fd7\u4e0e\u65e7\u4e60\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u9002\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u79d1\u5bf9\u201c\u5f53\u4e0b\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8c03\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5bf9\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u80fd\u5728\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u5730\u91c7\u96c6\u5e76\u52a0\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u6574\u7406\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u201d(1986\uff0cP5)\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5e76\u4e14\u636e\u6b64\u5c06\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e8b\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u201d(1994\uff0cP634)\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\uff0c\u8c28\u614e\u4e00\u70b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5e26\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u5473\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u3002\u201d [7]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0e\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u4eba\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?\u201d\u4f46\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4eba\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5404\u9879\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u610f\u4f1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d(tacit knowledge)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8df5\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u96be\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9886\u609f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8868\u8ff0\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u6c11\u4fd7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u6216\u5bf9\u524d\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u9605\u8bfb\u4e2d\u4e60\u5f97\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u95ee\u9898\u5c3d\u7ba1\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c55\u5f00\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u65e2\u5b9a\u8303\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5728\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u6b64\u518d\u5f00\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6bd4\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u800c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u548c\u9886\u8def\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u95f4\u5939\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u601d\u8003\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u8003\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u6216\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u91ca\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7eb2\u9886\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5e38\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7ecf\u5e38\u81ea\u8c26\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u5c42\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u867d\u7136\u53c2\u4e0e\u8f83\u65e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u8d2f\u5f7b\u59cb\u7ec8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u89c2\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5305\u63fd\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u5e73\u5fc3\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8015\u8018\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u957f\u3002\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u56ed\u5730\u8f83\u5e7f\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u519c\u592b\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u201d[8]\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8a00\u8f9e\u7684\u8c26\u548c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5b66\u79d1\u57fa\u7840\u95ee\u9898\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u548c\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7684\u6700\u597d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u8868\u8ff0\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u6765\u867d\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u8fd8\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5546\u69b7\u7684\u4f59\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5546\u69b7\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u949f\u6c0f\u8868\u8ff0\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e0\u635f\u4e8e\u5b66\u79d1\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u663e\u7136\u8bef\u8bfb\u4e86\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u8c26\u548c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u82b1\u8d39\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u201c\u6df1\u5165\u201d\u63a2\u8ba8\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u754c\u9650\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u758f\u91ca\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u697c\u3002\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u9ad8\u660e\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u8896\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6e05\u9192\u5730\u628a\u63e1\u65f6\u5c40\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ff1\u8fdb\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u5f97\u5728\u524d\u4eba\u6240\u6253\u4e0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u201d(1980\uff0cP154)\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u539f\u6709\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0a\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u51b3\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u6d6a\u8d39\u7cbe\u529b\u30021987\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u57fa\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u6539\u3001\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5411\u4e86\u5b66\u79d1\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u518d\u8bf4\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u95ee\uff0c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u7684?\u5e93\u6069\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u201c\u8303\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u67d0\u4e00\u4e13\u4e1a\u505a\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u7ec4\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u800c\u7c7b\u6807\u51c6\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u548c\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u201d[9]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u201c\u8303\u5f0f\u6bd4\u80fd\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u660e\u767d\u5730\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7ec4\u89c4\u5219\u66f4\u4f18\u5148\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u5b8c\u5907\u3002\u2026\u2026\u8303\u5f0f\u65e0\u9700\u53ef\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a\u5e38\u89c4\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u201d[10]\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u786e\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u4f53\u7cfb\u6216\u8005\u7ecf\u7531\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002[11]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u662f\u770b\u5f85\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u773c\u5149\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u773c\u5149\u53cd\u6620\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5e93\u6069\u901a\u8fc7\u8457\u540d\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u8f6c\u6362\u5b9e\u9a8c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0d\u540c\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5374\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u773c\u5149\u770b\u5f85\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u770b\u5f85\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u8868\u8ff0\u548c\u53cd\u590d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898;\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u628a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5168\u90e8\u5f53\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7406\u5e76\u4e0d\u628a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u5f53\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5f53\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61;\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u628a\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8695\u98df\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u5b66\u79d1\u89c6\u4f5c\u201c\u72fc\u6765\u4e86\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5b66\u79d1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1a\u6309\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u53bb\u6f14\u8fdb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5bf9\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u65e9\u5728\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u9732\u950b\u8292\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u6570\u5e74\u6765\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5c0f\u7ed3\u8d26\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5c3d\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u96c6\u62e2\u8270\u82e6\u529b\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e00\u9f50\u628a\u8fd9\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u80a9\u8d1f\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u6ef4\u5730\u641c\u96c6\u722c\u68b3\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u5f97\u4e00\u5206\u4fbf\u7b97\u4e00\u5206\uff0c\u5f97\u4e00\u5c3a\u4fbf\u7b97\u4e00\u5c3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5feb\u6c42\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u9057\u5ffd\u7ec6\u5fae\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u80fd\u591f\u7565\u7565\u7ad9\u5f97\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u7b97\u5c3d\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u8d23\u804c!\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u77e2\u5fd7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u613f\u4f1a\u5916\u540c\u5fd7\u4eec\u4e00\u9f50\u594b\u52c9!\u201d(1928\uff0cP324)\u9664\u4e86\u6587\u9769\u65f6\u671f\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u8425\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u610f\u8bc6\u8d2f\u7a7f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001999\u5e74\uff0c97\u5c81\u9ad8\u9f84\u7684\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8fd8\u9ad8\u5c4b\u5efa\u74f4\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u300a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6d3e\u300b\u7684\u5b8f\u4f1f\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u201c\u4eca\u540e\u4e9f\u5f85\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u51e0\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff1a\u2460\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u5219\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u89c6\u6574\u4f53\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u8054\u5408\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u2461\u5f3a\u5316\u6216\u65b0\u5efa\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u6784\u3002\u2462\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u5730\u7ee7\u7eed\u6536\u96c6\u6574\u7406\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599\u4e0e\u5f00\u62d3\u548c\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u2463\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u8fdb\u5404\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u2464\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u6574\u7406\u53ca\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u672c\u5b66\u79d1\u540d\u8457\u7684\u8bd1\u8ff0\u4e0e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u2465\u9002\u65f6\u5730\u4e3e\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u5c55\u5f00\u672c\u5b66\u79d1\u9645\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002(1999\uff0cP397-406)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd9\u4e00\u524d\u4e00\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u867d\u8bf4\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\u6d41\u9732\u51fa\u5b66\u79d1\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u4f5c\u8005\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5929\u5c06\u964d\u5927\u4efb\u4e8e\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4f7f\u547d\u610f\u8bc6\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4ee5\u8d2f\u4e4b\u7684\u3002\u800c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5bf9\u5b66\u79d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53c8\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5b66\u79d1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f53\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5e94\u8be5\u7ad9\u5728(\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u7ad9\u5728)\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6307\u5bfc\u660e\u663e\u5e26\u6709\u5b8f\u89c2\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff1a\u201c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u66f4\u81ea\u89c9\u4e9b\uff0c\u66f4\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5168\u5c40\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u65e0\u7591\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u3001\u66f4\u5b8c\u6ee1\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u5f3a\u8ba1\u5212\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u5171\u540c\u5546\u8ba8\u3002\u201d(1989\uff0cP96-97)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u5305\u62ec\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u201c\u2460\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002\u2461\u6c11\u4fd7\u53f2\u3002\u2462\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fd7\u3002\u2463\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u53f2\u3002\u2464\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u2465\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599\u5b66\u3002\u201d(1986\uff0cP38-47)\u4ed6\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u8fc7\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u53ea\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4f5c\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u628a\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u201c\u2460\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3002\u2461\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3002\u2462\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u6587\u5316\u754c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8ba8\u8bba\u70ed\u6f6e\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u201c\u4ece\u5bb9\u4e0d\u8feb\u5730\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5927\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9646\u7eed\u4e3a\u6b64\u53d1\u8868\u5341\u51e0\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u8bc6\u5bbd\u5e7f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5178\u7c4d\u8d44\u6599\u4ea6\u5341\u5206\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u53c8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7b49\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5728\u53c2\u52a0\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u4e00\u822c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u4ed8\u88d5\u5982\u3002\u201d[12]\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u6c11\u4fd7\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u6001\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u5bdf\u30021990\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u79ef\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u521b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7acb\u5fd7\u628a\u5b83\u5efa\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5bf9\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u540c\u6837\u4f5c\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89c4\u5212\uff1a\u201c\u2460\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u3002\u2461\u7279\u6b8a\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u3002\u2462\u63cf\u8ff0\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u3002\u2463\u5386\u53f2\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u3002\u2464\u5e94\u7528\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u3002\u2465\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u201d(1991\uff0cP20-24)\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u631f\u6587\u5316\u70ed\u6f6e\u4e4b\u4f59\u5a01\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u547c\u5e94\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u3002[13]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001997\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5b66\u4f4d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u4e0b\u53d1\u7684\u300a\u6388\u4e88\u535a\u58eb\u3001\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u76ee\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7ec8\u4e8e\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b66\u79d1\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u5728\u73b0\u884c\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u96be\u4ee5\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u5927\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u96be\u9898\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u7531\u4e89\u53d6\u5b66\u79d1\u72ec\u7acb\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u5b66\u672f\u54c1\u5473\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u65e2\u7136\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u6240\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u540d\u79f0\u4e0b\u6234\u7740\u811a\u9563\u8df3\u821e\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u7531\u5b66\u79d1\u610f\u8bc6\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u5b66\u6d3e\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5931\u65f6\u673a\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6d3e\u201d\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u3002\u201c\u5728\u5f3a\u70c8\u5b66\u79d1\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7b56\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8eab\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0a\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u5927\u66f4\u9ad8\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6b65\u5165\u8004\u800b\u4e4b\u5e74\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u7406\u8bba\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u51b2\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5012\u8ba9\u6211\u8054\u60f3\u8d77\u738b\u5c0f\u7389\u5531\u5927\u9f13\uff0c\u2018\u90a3\u77e5\u4ed6\u4e8e\u90a3\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c1a\u80fd\u56de\u73af\u8f6c\u6298;\u51e0\u556d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u9ad8\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u63a5\u8fde\u6709\u4e09\u56db\u53e0\uff0c\u8282\u8282\u9ad8\u8d77\u2019\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u665a\u5e74\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4e16\u754c\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u5341\u5206\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u3002\u201d[14]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5728\u300a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6d3e\u300b\u4e2d\u62df\u8bae\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u201c\u2460\u7406\u8bba\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3002\u2461\u8bb0\u5f55\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3002\u2462\u5386\u53f2\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3002\u2463\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u89c2\u70b9\u8bba\u3002\u2464\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u2465\u8d44\u6599\u5b66\u3002\u201d(1999\uff0cP387-397)\u4e0e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5bf9\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6218\u7565\u6027\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u672f\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u6781\u5176\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u91cf\u5f15\u5165\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u672f\uff0c\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u76d8\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u79d1\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u540d\u79f0\u4e0b\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u672f\uff0c\u591a\u6709\u6210\u578b\u6210\u5957\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u53ef\u4f9b\u501f\u7528\u3001\u6539\u9020\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u642c\uff0c\u800c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u5927\u7ea6\u53ea\u662f\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u201cfolklore\u201d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u96be\u6709\u53ef\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5\u501f\u9274\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002[15]\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8868\u8ff0\u5f97\u5f88\u751f\u52a8\uff1a\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8981\u8ddf\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53bb\u63a5\u8f68\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u60f3\u53bb\u63a5\u8f68\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u63a5\u5f97\u5f88\u597d;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f60\u60f3\u63a5\u8f68\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u642d\u4e0d\u4e0a\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ed6\u60f3\u63a5\u8f68\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u53c8\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5230\u70b9\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002\u201d(1999\uff0cP358)\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u66f4\u52a0\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u6d3e\u3001\u81ea\u7acb\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc5\u8981\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5021\u5bfc\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u949f\u656c\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u6218\u7565\u5bb6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6218\u672f\u5bb6\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u656c\u4ef0\u3002\u4ed6\u603b\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u4ee5\u7167\u540e\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7cbe\u529b\u6295\u5165\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d(\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8004\u800b\u4e4b\u5e74\u7684\u8001\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u60f3\u6d6a\u8d39\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fc7\u4eba\u667a\u8bc6\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u5fe7\u5fc3\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5e73\u6de1\u5982\u6c34\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6446\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e3a\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u6307\u793a\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u9192\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u957f\u8fdc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u662f\u5904\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u6628\u5929\u672a\u5fc5\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u660e\u5929\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u53d8\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u526f\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5934\u8111\u91cc\uff0c\u5e94\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u4e8b\uff0c\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u552f\u7269\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u3002\u201d(1990\uff0cP47)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u6784\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u5b66\u672f\u6307\u5bfc\u4e2d\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5e93\u6069\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u89c2\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u770b\u6210\u662f\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u5408\u7406\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u201c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5417?\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5417?\u2026\u2026\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5b66\u4f1a\u7528\u2018\u6309\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u53bb\u6f14\u8fdb\u2019\u53d6\u4ee3\u2018\u6309\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u53bb\u6f14\u8fdb\u2019\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee4\u4eba\u70e6\u607c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u201d[16]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5e93\u6069\u501f\u7528\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u5316\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5730\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u5f00\u7aef\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u4e2a\u76f8\u7ee7\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8be6\u5c3d\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7cbe\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u671d\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u201d[17]\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u5c31\u50cf\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u9700\u4e00\u79cd\u6c38\u6052\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u771f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5e38\u89c4\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u4e24\u79cd\u9636\u6bb5\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff1a\u5e38\u89c4\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5bf9\u65e2\u6709\u8303\u4f8b\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u865a\u8bbe\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1;\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u662f\u5728\u5371\u673a\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u53db\u548c\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u865a\u8bbe\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u6784\u770b\u6210\u662f\u5bf9\u65e2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e0e\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684;\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u628a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u6784\u770b\u6210\u662f\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5982\u613f\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6b63\u662f\u628a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u79ef\u7d2f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u201d(1986\uff0cP33)\u56e0\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u6784\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7406\u5ff5\u6765\u5c55\u5f00\u601d\u8003\u3002\u7ffb\u5f00\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u53d1\u51e1\u300b(1991)\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u9610\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u8981\u5177\u5907\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u201d\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u201c\u8bbe\u60f3\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u201d\u7b49\u63aa\u8f9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u949f\u656c\u6587\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u5373\u8981\u6c42\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201c\u6309\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u53bb\u6f14\u8fdb\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u662f\u6e90\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5b66\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u3001\u201c\u827a\u672f\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u5e94\u7528\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u597d\u613f\u671b\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u949f\u656c\u6587\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u79ef\u7d2f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u5b66\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u6df1\u5316\u3002\u5e93\u6069\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u548c\u76ee\u524d\u5b9e\u5b58\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u95f4\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u624d\u662f\u9010\u6e10\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3001\u66f4\u7cbe\u81f4\u548c\u66f4\u7279\u5316\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u201d[18]\u4ece\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5426\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f97\u5230\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u800c\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u5e94\u7528\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u7b49\u79cd\u79cd\u4e13\u4e1a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6a2a\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e16\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u7ed9\u4eba\u4ee5\u7a7a\u4e2d\u697c\u9601\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u65e0\u4ece\u7ecf\u5386\u5426\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5426\u5b9a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8fa9\u8bc1\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u8bbe\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u575a\u5b9e\u5730\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u65e2\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u65e0\u9700\u53cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u5168\u795e\u8d2f\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u6700\u7ec6\u5fae\u3001\u6700\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6df1\u5904\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u66f4\u7cbe\u81f4\u66f4\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4ee5\u4ed6\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u52e4\u52a2\u4e8e\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5927\u6982\u4e0d\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540e\u5b66\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u4ed6\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f00\u59cb\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7167\u642c\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53e6\u7b51\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u7a97\u5fae\u7f29\u666f\u89c2\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u628a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u6a21\u5f0f\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e00\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u540d\u4e49\u518d\u8f9f\u65b0\u4e13\u4e1a\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7f8e\u5176\u540d\u66f0\u62d3\u5bbd\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u6a21\u4eff\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u8be5\u6307\u8c2c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6709\u5173\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u540e\u5b66\u4eec\u53cd\u590d\u6a21\u4eff\uff1a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7f16\u6982\u8bba\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8ddf\u7740\u7f16\u6982\u8bba;\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8c08\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8ddf\u7740\u8c08\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe;\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5efa\u6784\u65b0\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8ddf\u7740\u5efa\u6784\u65b0\u5b66\u79d1;\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8c08\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e00\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8c08\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e00\u7701\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7545\u60f3\u65b0\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u5f00\u62d3\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u7cbe\u6df1\u548c\u6210\u719f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5e93\u6069\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u201c\u524d\u8303\u5f0f\u65f6\u671f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u7b54\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u800c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u5b66\u6d3e\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u201d[19]\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u8868\u8ff0\u5e38\u5e38\u8ba9\u6211\u6000\u7591\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u524d\u8303\u5f0f\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5f53\u9769\u547d\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u66f4\u6362\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6539\u53d8\u90fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u5e38\u89c4\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u62d3\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u5398\u6e05\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ca1\u80fd\u628a\u63e1\u4f4f\u8fdb\u5165\u6210\u719f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95e8\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u949f\u656c\u6587\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9884\u5148\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u6f14\u548c\u6240\u80fd\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u201d[20]\u5f53\u949f\u656c\u6587\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u843d\u5e55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u80af\u5b9a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u4f1f\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5473\u56e0\u88ad\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6000\u7279\u6d77\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u2018\u4e0d\u6562\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5176\u521b\u59cb\u8005\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u4e2a\u6b7b\u6389\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u2019\uff0c\u4ed6\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u975e\u5386\u53f2\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5168\u5bf9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u95e8\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u9700\u8981\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u4e5f\u7684\u786e\u94ed\u8bb0\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5fd8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5374\u80fd\u5fd8\u8bb0\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u201d[21]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000——————————————————————————–<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[1]\u5218\u9b41\u7acb\uff1a\u300a\u667a\u8005\u5584\u8005\u949f\u656c\u6587\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u00b7\u795d\u8d3a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u767e\u5c81\u534e\u8bde\u5b66\u672f\u4e13\u520a\u300b\uff0c2001\u5e7412\u6708\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[2]\u300a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6587\u96c6\u00b7\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5377\u300b\uff0c\u8fde\u6811\u58f0\u7f16\u7e82\uff0c\u5408\u80a5\uff1a\u5b89\u5fbd\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\u3002\u949f\u5148\u751f\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u5e8f\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e13\u8457\uff0c\u6240\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5168\u9762\u7684\u3002\u5927\u51e1\u6211\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u5199\u4f5c\u7684(\u5305\u62ec\u6f14\u8bb2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7a3f)\u3001\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u3001\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u5185\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[3]\u8be5\u4e66\u672a\u6ce8\u5e74\u6708\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u6ce8\u8be5\u6587\u9996\u53d1\u5e74\u4efd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[4][\u82f1]\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5df4\u6069\u65af\u7b49\uff0c\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u90a2\u51ac\u6885\u3001\u8521\u4ef2\u8bd1\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c57\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[5][\u82f1]\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5df4\u6069\u65af\u7b49\uff0c\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c211\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[6]\u8be6\u89c1\u949f\u656c\u6587\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5b66\u4e60\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6587\u96c6\u00b7\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5377\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c49-50\u9875\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6587\u5b57\u5bf9\u539f\u6587\u505a\u4e86\u5f52\u7eb3\u548c\u6761\u5206\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[7]\u949f\u656c\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u4e8b\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u4e0e\u4f53\u4f1a\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b\uff0c1998\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[8]\u300a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6587\u96c6\u00b7\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5377\u300b\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u5e8f\u201d\u7b2c2\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[9][\u7f8e]\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5e93\u6069\uff1a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u91d1\u543e\u4f26\u3001\u80e1\u65b0\u548c\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c40\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[10]\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c43\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[11]\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u800c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6070\u6070\u96be\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[12]\u5218\u94c1\u6881\uff1a\u300a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b\uff0c2002\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[13]\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u5218\u94c1\u6881\u300a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u300b;\u6c6a\u73a2\u73b2\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5de8\u64d8\u2014\u8bb0\u949f\u656c\u6587\u5148\u751f\u300b;\u7a0b\u8537\u300a\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u5960\u57fa\uff0c\u777f\u667a\u7684\u542f\u793a\u2014<\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\uff1a\u6897\u6982\u4e0e\u5174\u8d77>\u8bfb\u540e\u300b;\u674e\u51e4\u4eae\u300a\u8bba\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u300b;\u4e01\u9759\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u7d20\u8d28\u57f9\u517b\u520d\u8bae\u300b\u7b49\u3002\u9648\u534e\u6587\u4e5f\u5c06\u4ed6\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u201d\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bb2\u4e49\u6539\u7f16\u540e\u4ee5\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u300b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e66\u540d\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[14]\u9648\u6cf3\u8d85\uff1a\u300a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u201c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u9752\u5e74\u8bba\u575b\u7f51\u7edc\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2003\u5e747\u670814\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[15]\u53c2\u89c1\u62d9\u4f5c\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u56fd\u5b66\u2014\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f91\uff0c\u6fb3\u95e8\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e7412\u6708\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[16]\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c153\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[17]\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c153\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[18]\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c154\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[19]\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c44\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[20]\u300a\u949f\u656c\u6587\u6587\u96c6\u00b7\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5377\u300b\u201c\u81ea\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c2\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[21]\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c125\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u65bd\u7231\u4e1c(1968-\u3000)\uff0c\u7537\uff0c\u6c5f\u897f\u4fe1\u4e30\u4eba\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u6587\u7cfb\u8bb2\u5e08\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u5317\u4eac\uff0c100275\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(\u672c\u6587\u539f\u520a\u4e8e\u300a\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u8bba\u575b\u300b2004\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u662f\u672a\u5220\u8282\u7248\u3002)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u3000\u3000\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u501f\u7528\u6258\u9a6c\u65af?\u5e93\u6069\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[36,20,4],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=69"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71,"href":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69\/revisions\/71"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=69"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=69"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.zhongjingwen.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=69"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}